Sistem Komputer

Sistem Komputer

Computers as we know it today is the result of the development of electronics and informatics technologies that form the original large-sized computer and eating places, now a small form with great ability. The progress of electronics components industry IC (integrated circuit) has encouraged the creation of a variety of diverse IC chip devices and supports a variety of purposes manufacture electronic products. The progress of electronics technology is inseparable from the advancement of knowledge and processing of semiconductor materials, especially silico In the world of entertainment, the world's children have long been familiar with the gaming device which is controlled by a computer system. In industry, the computer has been used to control the production machinery with high accuracy (eg CNC, a versatile machine in the metal industry), so can we meet a variety of metal products industry are varied and we imagine that difficult if done manually. Many of the machines in the garment industry are equipped with computer control, for example bodir cap companies to produce hats with embroidered images of uniform quality in large quantities in a short time.

In trading companies such as department stores have used cash register (cash register) which is equipped with computer control so that the machine can be controlled by the manager only from his room alone.

In education, in addition to be found as a tool for learning, a lot of lab equipment which is equipped with a computer so that the tool can work more closely and overcome obstacles to human senses. From the field of education and research that use such tools produced a variety of useful research results that do not feel has been widely used in everyday life in society. In the field of biotechnology, culture devices have been equipped with computer controls to undertake precision work in a sterile room. Australian companies have developed robots for the purposes of this biotechnology.

Many new vehicles have been equipped with computer systems so that fuel usage can be arranged to some degree it is efficient for a long distance trip. Passenger buses are equipped with computer control systems and sophisticated sensors that riding the bus feel more secure.

Application of sophisticated computer controls contained in aircraft and spacecraft. In order to overcome the obstacles of nature and hard to do it manually by a pilot, an aircraft can be controlled automatically so that it can fly safely at the destination.

Meaning of Computer Systems

Equally we all know, technology has evolved rapidly, in particular when there are significant changes regarding people's views on technology, although the essence of these technologies are still in the frame of reference exists. For example, in the days before 2000, common people are still looking at a computer is a machine that is usually located on a table where the table is there a keyboard, monitor and CPU. Or better known as the Personal Computer. Besides, people still distinguish between computers with mobile phones, fax machines, video player, sound system, photocopiers etc.. But here the device is getting increasingly difficult to distinguish. Let us sharpen discussion about the computer system is, of course it is better we discuss first what is meant by the system and the computer itself.

System

Actually what is meant by the system? In a simple system can be translated: A unitary elements that are interconnected to form a group in executing a principal purpose of which is targeted.

As mentioned above, the system does not only involve just one function or procedure, but is a unity of all the things involved for the desired job can be done well.

Computer

Well, now what about the computer, whether that computer? if only the computer that had been that we often refer to type at your desk? Yes! That is one example.

Computer derived from the Latin of the word Computare, which means the count (in English to compute). In general, the definition of a computer is an electronic device that can receive and process data into information, run programs stored in memory, and can work automatically with certain rules.

We certainly agree, the computer does not understand human language. So how do these men command can be understood by computers? While the computer machine to work on the basis of electric current available to it.

Here is made a specific rule how human desire can be translated for the machine can understand. Electronic machines can understand this command with a few basic commands that he had (instruction set).

Humans make commands to the computer through a program, where the program contains the instruction set it earlier. So automatically by the program that have been developed a computer can understand what to do.

With the above, it is clear that the form that computer can be calculators, notebooks, personal computers, and others. Computers are the result of the advancement of electronics and informatics technology that serves as a tool for writing, drawing, editing pictures or photos, create animations, operates a program of scientific analysis, simulation and for control equipment.

Form of computer that was large enough to operate a program, now a small form with the ability to operate a variety of programs. Electronic equipment (hardware) and programs (software / software) have made a computer into a useful object. A computer that only have electronic equipment or software alone just will not work. With no second, the computer can serve a useful tool.

Computers also can be developed to control the production of machine tools or household appliances. By adding a homemade electronic circuit, then a normal computer can be used to control industrial equipment and household. There is a tendency to control the use of computer like this with the support of IC chip technology has enabled people to make a small robot that is useful as a robot vehicle that is used in space missions.

Computer Systems

Computer systems are the elements that are relevant to perform an activity using the computer. Elements of a computer system consisting of human (brainware), software (software), instruction set (instruction set) and hardware (hardware).

Thus the components is an element involved in a computer system. Of course, the hardware does not mean anything if no one from the other two (software and brainware). A simple example, who would turn on the computer if there is no human. Or what command will run the computer if there is no software.

The existence of electronics and informatics technology developments have provided an enhancement to a personal computer such as:

* Mouse, a mechanical device to carry out any work that is usually done by humans. For example, do paint the car. This robot is equipped by a machine or computer device either simple or complex that is able to control his movements.
* Modem, a tool to convert digital data to form voice data or vice versa so that data from a computer can be communicated to other computers via ordinary telephone lines, radio communication or earth station
* Sound card, part of computer components in the form of a card that serves to generate sound.
* Video card, a tool to display information to the screen.
* Card television receiver, a tool to capture television signals.
* Card radio receiver, a means to receive radio waves.
* Ethernet card, a tool for connecting with a computer network.
* Printer, printer device (desk jet, bubble jet, laser jet, plotter)
* Tools translator printed images (digitizer and scanner).
Computer and Information Systems

Computer systems and informatics have a very close relationship, and can not be separated from one another. As noted earlier, information itself is a discipline that is specifically related to the symbolic data processing using automated machines or computers. Of course computers are referred to here is the computer system itself.

CTL Learning Model for Improving and Developing Understanding Puberty Materials

CTL Learning Model for Improving and Developing Understanding Puberty Materials

Information and communication technology is growing rapidly. Various information from various corners of the world very easily accessible in an increasingly global era. Communication tool in recent years dominated the world market is handphone (HP). HP with various brands and completeness of its facilities so well loved by many children, adolescents (ABG), and adults. Likewise, growth and development of private television stations in Indonesia on the one hand be proud, but on the other hand raises our concern. Why? These concerns arise because of television shows that aired many who do not educate our children. Many scenes, Äúsekwilda, Äù (around the chest area) and, Äúbupati, Au (open high thigh-high) and show a kind of patron-in other ways that lead children to be consumptive and luxury lifestyle (glamorous), to live freely without regard to the norms applicable. Such scenes would have a negative impact on mental development, social, and physical children. Not to mention, the growth of cafe-cafe like mushrooms in the rainy season where the kids so easily access the Internet to satisfy the curiosity of children about the means of reproduction without the guidance of parents / teachers. The facilities contained in HP also allows children access to things that are not worthy to be seen / known. Therefore do not be surprised if lately a lot less pleasant events that befall us as teenagers involved intercourse / sex-free, drug addicts, MBA / pregnant out of wedlock, rape, theft / robbery etc. Such incidents occur due to the influence of the spectacle that is less lead children to become good personal. At puberty there are changes that occur in the teens with the influence of hormone-specific hormones. Changes occur in the physical aspects, psychological and social. This often causes changes in behavior that initially sweet child becomes unruly children even children with problems. Meanwhile, the teens have not even did not have enough knowledge about the changes that occur. Ignorance due to lack of knowledge of their parent or parents have the knowledge of puberty but they are very busy working. Of course this raises deep concern for parents, educators and the general public. Schools as an educational institution should look at this phenomenon. Providing knowledge on puberty (puberty) seems to provide strong capital base and in the face of changing internal and external to our youth, so as to prevent the things we do not want.

Observation of the author as an educator in SD 2 YPK indicate that the class VI students who have experienced a lot and some have experienced it mensturasi while in class IV (age 10 years). In general, these last 10 years there is a trend we experienced teens mensturasi early, too early than teenage wet dream long ago. The reason is the increasing nutritional factors, as well as environmental factors such as the shows that stimulate their sexual libido.

But children who have wet dreams mensturasi and yet have good enough knowledge in line with any changes they experienced. This situation is interesting to study for our teens feel ready and comfortable to face periods of puberty or puberty. Thus, our next generation does not fall on the life of a misleading and we as educators took part in preparing the next generation of quality.

SD 2 Kaltim Fertilizer Foundation, the majority of students are children of Kaltim Fertilizer employee. Socioeconomic level of students' average upper middle, so that all needs fulfilled both the needs of primary, secondary and even tertiary. Almost all students have a hp, computers / laptops, and Internet networks in their homes. This condition on the one hand beneficial, but one party needs to vigilance. Role for teachers and parents can direct toward positive things from the facilities they have. Selection of appropriate learning models can bring problems of students with a solution. Learning model CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning), selected with consideration to link the subject matter with the situations and conditions of grade 6 students who are experiencing puberty.

Contextual Teaching and Learning or contextual learning is a concept of teaching and learning that help teachers link the activities and subjects of teaching materials with real situations that can motivate students to be able to connect the knowledge and terapannya with the daily life of students as family members and even as members of society where she lives (U.S. Department of Education, 2001).
From the presentation of this learning program, there are some findings that seem meaningful and closely related to learning and teaching of CTL, namely:
1. How to active student learning (CBSA): with the help of LDS / LKS students look / perform their own to get the data and information about physical changes in adolescents who begin puberty as well as maintain the cleanliness of reproductive health, the introduction of religious norms. The individual student daughter had a discussion with the mother / older sister / mother of his chosen teacher, while boys with the father / older brother / father teacher of his choice.
2. Process skills approach (PKP): students are given the freedom to bring their potential in the search for new knowledge, by making the process of discussion, class presentations, interviews.
3. Life skills education (Life skills education): students are given supplies to care for oneself (self study) such as reproductive health, can make mensturasi traditional herbal medicine (jamu turmeric tamarind).
4. Teaching authentic (autentics instruction): students actually do own the process to seek knowledge about the means of male and female reproductive changes at puberty fiisik based on clues provided by teachers, and guidance of teachers or adults who appointed teachers.
5. Inquiri-based Learning (inquiri based learning): student will seek and find their own knowledge / skills desired, this cycle starts from the observation-hypothesis-question the conclusion of data collection.
6. Problem-based learning (problem based learning) students obtain knowledge starting point of his problems is the existence of hormones at puberty followed by physical changes, emotionally, in the end the knowledge acquired at the same time to solve the problem.
7. Cooperative learning (cooperative learning): students are social beings can work together for between one another in facing the problem. Distribution of small groups with the ability of members of different groups, sharing responsibilities, interact with each other to accomplish the task group.
The assessment was conducted in two phases, namely:
1. Assessment of the assessment process when students are doing the learning process. This assessment includes: assessment of attitude (affective) which include: attention during the activity, often ask / express opinions, timeliness collect duties, participation in study groups.
2. Assessment results of the assessment after, students completed the learning process.
This assessment includes:
• assessment of student work (Produc test) such as: clippings, charts.
• assessment of learning outcomes, in the form of pencil and paper test consisting of: multiple choice, structured description, objective, short answer. From the assessment, the results obtained 70% of class mastery, nurturant effects (accompanist), especially in the learning process that parents become closer and watched the children in the face during puberty.
Similarly, the author's experience in applying the CTL model, hopefully to make one of the variations Puberty learning in primary schools.